A Commentary on Emerging Actors, Initiatives, and Collective Imaginaries within the Indian LLM Ecosystem

This commentary maps and critically examines the rapidly expanding LLM ecosystem in India, offering a comprehensive understanding of the diverse actors, visions, and motivations shaping LLM-related activities across the country.

It begins by identifying key initiatives and actors across models, data, and applications, with a particular focus on those focused on critical social sectors and foundational architecture development.

The document then provides a concise critique of the ecosystem, addressing emerging risks like bias, exclusion, financial instability, techno-solutionism and a lack of accountability. This analysis in this commentary offers a comprehensive understanding of the diverse actors, visions, and motivations shaping LLM-related activities in India.